X: The term "American Century" coined by Time publisher, Henry Luce, in 1940s

XI: Dollar and Military Hegemony + Kissinger quote on controlling nations:

"So long as other nations depended on American markets for their trade, and on American military protection for their national security, the game appeared endless." + "As Henry Kissinger once expressed…'control energy and you control the nations.'"

2. After Napoleon's defeat, British control the seas and world shipping trade:

"British control of the seas, and with it control of world shipping trade, was thus to emerge after Waterloo as one of the three pillars of a new British Empire. The manufacturers of Continental Europe, as well as much of the rest of the world, were forced to respond to terms of trade set in London by the Lloyd's shipping insurance and banking syndicates. While Her Royal Britannic Majesty's Navy, the world's largest in that day, policed the world's major sea-lanes and provided cost-free 'insurance' for British merchant shipping vessels, competitor fleets were forced to insure their ships against piracy, catastrophe and acts of war, through London's large Lloyd's insurance syndicate."

3: British repeal "corn laws" + the Irish Potato famine

5-6: Must rule the "vulgar ignorant masses" + informal empire:

"British liberalism, as it was defined towards the end of the nineteenth century, justified development of an ever more powerful imperial elite class, ruling on behalf of the 'vulgar ignorant masses,' who could not be entrusted to rule on their own behalf." + "By the end of the nineteenth century, the British establishment began an intense debate over how to maintain its global empire. Amid slogans about a new era of 'anti-imperialism,' beginning the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain embarked on a more sophisticated and far more effective form for maintaining its dominant world role, through what came to be called 'informal empire.' …The notion of special economic relationships with 'client states,' the concept of 'spheres of influence' as well as that of 'balance-of-power diplomacy,' all came out of this complex weave of British 'informal empire' towards the end of the last century."

6: British "Balance of power" AKA the "great game":
"British diplomacy cultivated this cynical doctrine, which dictated that Britain should never hold sentimental or moral relations with other nations as sovereign respected partners, but rather, should develop her own 'interests.' British alliance strategies were dictated strictly by what she determined at any given period might best serve her own 'interests.' The shift from hostile relations with France in Africa to the Entente Cordiale' after the Fashoda showdown in 1898, or the shift from Britain's decades-long backing for Ottoman Turkey to blocking the expansion of Russia, in what was known in Britain and India as the 'Great Game,' were indicative of such dramatic alliance shifts."

7: Use money to control client states, "imperialism on the cheap"

"So were the economies of Argentina and other British 'client states' effectively made into an economic captive, with terms of trade and finance dictated from the City of London by British merchant houses and trade finance banks. These client states of Britain thereby found that they had surrendered control over their essential economic sovereignty far more completely than if British troops had occupied Buenos Aires to enforce tax collection in support of the British Empire.

During the 1880s [Argentina was made] a debt vassal of the British Empire, 'imperialism on the cheap' as one commentator dubbed it. It was manifestly not the intent of British policy to develop strong sovereign industrial economies from these client-state relationships. Rather, it was to make the minimum investment necessary to control, while ensuring that other rival powers did not gain coveted raw materials or other treasures of economic power."

7-8: British Secret Intelligence trained what would become the CIA in America; it was a secret mix of "private" and "public" power:

"British secret intelligence services…evolved in an unusual manner. Unlike the empires of France or other nations, Britain modelled its post-Waterloo empire on an extremely sophisticated marriage between top bankers and financiers of the City of London, government cabinet ministers, heads of key industrial companies deemed strategic to the national interest, and the heads of the espionage services…Rather than traditional service providing data from agents of espionage in foreign capitals, Britain's secret intelligence services operated as a secret, Masonic-like network which wove together the immense powers of British banking, shipping, industry and government. Because all this was secret, it wielded immense power over credulous and unsuspecting foreign economies. In the Free Trade era after 1846, this covert marriage of private commercial power with government was the secret of British hegemony."

9: Financial elite use interest rates to manipulate gold flows + the same financial elite reduce Britain's status as a world leader in industry, to a stagnate and inferior producer, in just 20 years

12: Germany makes huge gains over Britain

16 - 23: By 1914, Germany threatens British shipping dominance:

"So long as Germany did not control her own modern merchant ship fleet, and have a navy to defend it, she could never determine her own economic affairs. Britain was still the sovereign on the world's oceans, and intended to remain so. This was the heart of British geopolitical strategy. Under such conditions, argued an increasing majority in Germany, the nation's economic life would be ever subject to the manipulations of a foreign shipping power for the essential terms of its vital international trade…By 1914, Germany's fleet had risen to second place, just behind Britain's and gaining rapidly."

19: Advantages of oil over coal:

"At least one man understood the military-strategic implications of petroleum for future control of the world seas…in September 1882, Britain's Admiral Lord Fisher…argued to anyone in the British establishment who would listen that Britain must convert its naval fleet from bulky coal-fired propulsion to the new oil fuel…He insisted that oil power would allow Britain to maintain decisive strategic advantage in future control of the seas.

Fisher had done his homework on the qualitative superiority of petroleum over coal as a fuel…A battleship powered by a diesel motor burning petroleum issued no tell-tale smoke, while a coal ship's emission was visible up to ten kilometers away. Where some four to nine hours were required for a coal-fired ship's motor to reach full power, an oil motor required a mere 30 minutes and could reach peak power within five minutes. To provide oil fuel for a battleship required the work of twelve men for twelve hours. The same equivalent of energy for a coal ship required the work of 500 men for five days."

20: UK has no oil of its own, created unacceptable dependence on others:

"By 1905, the British secret services and the British government had finally realized the strategic importance of the new fuel. Britain's problem was that it had no known oil of its own. It must rely on America, Russia or Mexico to supply it, an unacceptable condition in time of peace, impossible in the event of a major war…Fisher promptly established a committee to 'consider and make recommendations as to how the British navy shall secure its oil supplies.'"

20-22: Tricked into signing over oil rights:

"In 1905, His Majesty's Government, through the agency of the notorious British 'ace of spies,' Sidney Reilly, secured an extraordinarily significant exclusive right over what were then believed to be vast untapped petroleum deposits in the Middle East…Reilly, disguised as a priest, and skillfully playing on d'Arcy's strong religious inclinations, persuaded d'Arcy…to sign over his exclusive rights to Persian oil resources in an agreement with a British company which he claimed to be a good 'Christian' enterprise, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company…the government's own role in Anglo-Persian was kept secret. Reilly had thus secured Britain's first major petroleum source."

22-24: Mounting friction between Britain and Germany – Britain did not want a "Berlin to Baghdad" railroad, too much power for the nations involved; Britain did all it could to sabotage the project, while pretending to work on an agreement:

"For more than two decades, the question of the construction of a modern railway linking Continental Europe with Baghdad was a point of friction at the center of German-English relations. By the estimation of Deutsche Bank director Karl Helfferich, the person responsible at the time for the Baghdad rail project negotiations, no other issue led to greater tension between London and Berlin in the decade and a half before 1914, with the possible exception of the issue of Germany's growing naval fleet.

For the first time, the railway gave Constantinople and the Ottoman Empire a vital modern economic linkage with its entire Asiatic interior. The rail link, once extended to Baghdad and a short distance further to Kuwait, would provide the cheapest and fastest link between Europe and the entire Indian subcontinent… 'If Berlin-Baghdad were achieved, a huge block of territory producing every kind of economic wealth, and unassailable by sea-power, would be united under German authority,' warned…a senior British military adviser."

28-29: Germany, using railway, seeks oil independence, Britain buys BP + quote about German power being unacceptable; war the only solution:

"The Deutsche Bank plan was to have the Baghdad rail link transport Mesopotamian oil over land, free from possible naval blockade by the British, thereby making Germany independent in its petroleum requirements…By early 1913, acting secretly, again at Churchill's urging, the British government bought up majority share ownership of Anglo-Persian Oil (today British Petroleum). From this point, oil was at the core of British strategic interest…if [Britain] could deny economic rivals their access to secure petroleum reserves in the world, her dominant role might be maintained into the next decades…Many in the British establishment had determined well before 1914 that war was the only course suitable to bring the European situation under control."

31: The "Dreyfus affair;" Rothschild interests try to sabotage French / German alliance with a lie

33-34: Britain blocks Trans-Siberian railway:
"Colqhum declared: 'This line will not only be one of the greatest trade routes that the world has ever known, but it will also become a political weapon in the hands of the Russians whose power and significance it is difficult to estimate. It will make a single nation out of Russia, for whom it will no longer be necessary to pass through the Dardanelles or through the Suez Canal. It will give her an economic independence, through which she will become stronger than she has ever been or ever dreamed of becoming.' For decades, the British balance-of-power alliance strategy in Europe had been built around support for Ottoman Turkey's empire, as part of what British strategists called the Great Game – blocking the emergence of a strong and industrialized Russia. Support for Turkey, which controlled the vital Dardanelles access to warm waters for Russia, had been a vital part of British geopolitics until that time. But as German economic links with the Ottoman Empire grew stronger at the end of the century and into the early 1900s, so too did British overtures to Russia, and against Turkey and Germany.

Following British consolidation of its new Triple Entente strategy of encirclement of Germany and her allies, a series of continuous crises and regional wars were unleashed in the Balkans, the 'soft underbelly' of Central Europe. In the so-called First Balkan War of 1912, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece, secretly backed by England, declared war against the weak Ottoman Turkey, resulting in stripping Turkey of most of her European possessions. This was followed in 1913 by a second Balkan War over the spoils of the first, in which Romania joined to help crush Bulgaria. The stage was being set for Britain's great European war.

35 – 37: Britain bankrupt (very low on gold reserves) prior to WW1:

"Britain's decision in August 1914 to go to war against German on the Continent was remarkable to say the least, given that the British Treasury and the pound sterling system, the then-dominant currency system of world trade and finance, were de facto bankrupt."

39: Massive buildup of oil dependent military vehicles + "oil" won the war:

"Britain's foreign minister, Lord Curzon, commented, quite accurately: 'The Allies were carried to victory on a flood of oil…With the commencement of the war, oil and its products began to rank as among the principal agents by which…the Allied Forces…would conduct, and by which they could win…Without oil, how could they have procured the mobility of the fleet, the transport of their troops, or the manufacture of several explosives?'"

42: Secret British pact to carve up Ottoman Empire

43: British betray the Arabs:

"Britain had gained the invaluable military assistance of Arab forces [by assuring] the Arab forces who served under the command of T.E. Lawrence ('Lawrence of Arabia') that the reward for their help in defeating the Turks would be British assurance of full postwar Arab sovereignty and independence….Lawrence was fully aware of the British fraud to the Arabs at the time. As he admitted some years later in his memoirs,

'I risked the fraud on my conviction that Arab help was necessary to our cheap and speedy victory in the East, and that better we win and break our word, than lose…The Arab inspiration was our main tool for winning the Eastern war. So I assured them that England kept her word in letter and spirit. In this comfort they performed their fine things; but of course, instead of being proud of what we did together, I was continually and bitterly ashamed.'

The loss of 100,000 Arab lives was part of this 'cheap and speedy victory.' Britain quickly betrayed her promises in a move to secure for herself the vast oil and political riches of the Arab Middle East."

45: On November 2, 1917, British foreign secretary tells Rothschild that Britain supports Zionism / creation of Israel:

"Britain's foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, sent the following letter to Walter Lord Rothschild, representative of the English Federation of Zionists: 'Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet: His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours for the achievement of this object…' Both Balfour and Lord Rothschild were members of an emerging imperialist faction in Britain, which sought to create an enduring global empire, one based on more sophisticated methods of social control."

46: The round table group (The "Network," described in Tragedy and Hope 101) forms to create a more efficient empire:

"The group argued that a more subtle and efficient system of global empire was required to extend the effective hegemony of Anglo-Saxon culture over the next century."

49: Round table group instigates the Boer War to capture the largest gold discovery and maintain London as the world's financial capital:

"The Transvaal was the site of the world's largest gold discovery since the 1848 California Gold Rush, and its capture was essential to the continued role of London as the capital of the world's financial system and of its gold standard. Lord Milner, Jan Smuts and Rhodes were all part of the new empire faction which, as part of the Great Game, defeated the independent Boers and created a Union of South Africa…by 1920, Britain had succeeded in establishing firm control over all of southern Africa…"

51: Britain chooses J.P. Morgan as sole war-supply agent

"By January 1915, four months into the Great War, the British government had named a private New York banking house, J.P. Morgan & Co., to be its sole purchasing agent for all war supplies from the United States. Morgan was designated Britain's exclusive financial agent for all British war lending from private U.S. banks." (The name "Morgan" began as "Peabody" and Rothschild may have used Peabody/Morgan as a front man. On page 49 of The Secrets of the Federal Reserve, this secret arrangement is stated as a fact by Eustace Mullins.)

53: Morgan connection to the Federal Reserve:

"By the eve of the American entry into the war in 1917…the Entente powers had raised some [1.25 billion dollars] through the private efforts of Morgan, Citibank, and the other major New York investment houses, a staggering sum in that day. Morgan's relation to the financial powers of the newly created New York Federal Reserve Bank, under the control of former J.P. Morgan banker Governor Benjamin Strong, was essential to the success of the private financial mobilization."

55: Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) created in 1919 + CFR created in 1921:

[The Milner Group] "decided to establish an American branch of the London [RIIA], to be named the New York Council on Foreign Relations, so as to obscure its close British ties. The New York Council was initially composed almost entirely of the Morgan men, financed by Morgan money." (The predecessor of the CFR – called The Inquiry – was established / controlled by the same network of individuals.)

60: Wilson's incursion into Mexico in 1910 after Oil discovered + British "oil man" tied to British Intelligence:

"Their objective was to oust the regime of General Victoriano Huerta, which significantly had been placed in power and was financially backed by the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company. The Mexican Eagle president, Weetman Pearson, later Lord Cowdray, was an English oil promoter who had been recruited to the British Intelligence Service, and who worked closely with Deterding and Shell in carving out Mexico's oil potential for British interests."

63: American intervention in the Central American "toy war"

"The fourth and final entity of the British government's worldwide secret oil war at this time was a nominally Canadian company, headed by a Mr. Alves, called British Controlled Oilfields or BCO. BCO was also secretly owned by His Britannic Majesty's government, as were Shell and the others. Alves' mission was to secure new key oil provinces for Britain in Central and South America, countering the designs of the American Rockefeller companies. Alves secured British recognition of the Tinoco government in Costa Rica in 1918, in return for which his BCO was rewarded with an oil concession covering 7 million acres, near to the Panama border and the important Canal Zone. The United States had refused to recognize Tinoco, and, when in 1921 a border dispute 'arose' between Panama and Costa Rica, America intervened, in what was dubbed the Central American 'toy war', on behalf of a new Costa Rican regime which immediately declared all previous concessions of the deposed Tinoco regime, most especially that with BCO, to be 'null and void.' American oil companies immediately got large new concessions, and the new Costa Rica regime found itself able to secure large new loans from New York banks on easy credit terms."

68-69: Hopeless German economic situation after WWI exacerbated by Versailles and British and French demands, Germany turns to Russia (Rapallo Treaty) to rebuild

70: German foreign minister, architect of the Rapallo Treaty, assassinated:

"The response to Rapallo was not long in arriving. Within two days of its formal announcement, on April 18 at Genoa, the German delegation was presented with an Allied note of protest that Germany had negotiated the Russian accord 'behind the backs' of the Reparations Committee…Then, on June 22, 1922, little more than two months after the Rapallo Treaty had been made public, Walther Rathenau was assassinated while leaving his home in the Berlin Grunewald. Two right-wing extremists, later identified as members of a pro-monarchist 'Organization C,' were charged with the murder, and it was portrayed as part of the growing wave of extremism and anti-Semitism. But reports circulated in Germany pointing to 'foreign interests,' and some said Britain, or British interests, stood behind the two hitmen. In any event, the most prominent statesman and architect of Rapallo was gone, and the nation was shaken to the roots. But the murder of Rathenau was to be only the beginning of a horror to which few nations before or since have been subjected."

71-72: Hyperinflation in post WWI Germany:

"Following the murder of Rathenau, the gold mark rate by July 1922 plunged internationally to 493 Marks to the U.S. dollar…The Reichsbank began dramatically expanding the money supply, in a frantic attempt to meet unpayable London reparations demands while maintaining employment and a strong export industry domestically to service the reparations requirements imposed. By December, the mark had fallen to the alarming level of 7,592 to the dollar…By January [1923]…the mark had dropped to 18,000 to the dollar…By July, the mark had fallen exponentially to 353,000 to the dollar; by August, it had reached the unbelievable level of 4,620,000 to the dollar. The plunge continued until November 15, when it hit [4.2 trillion] to the dollar…The savings of the entire population were destroyed. Living standards collapsed…Government bonds, mortgages, bank deposits – all became worthless. The entire stable middle stratum of the country was pauperized."

73: German bankers die, Morgan-backed Hjalmar Schacht is named president of the Reichsbank, paving the way for the Dawes Plan

74: The Dawes Plan:

"Under the Dawes Plan, Germany paid reparations for five years, until 1929. At the end of 1929, she owed more than at the beginning. It was a scheme of organized looting by the international banking community dominated by London and New York."

75: Anglo American grip over the world's oil reserves:

"By 1932, all seven major companies in the Anglo-American sphere – Esso (Standard of N.J.), Mobil (Standard of N.Y.), Gulf Oil, Texaco, Standard of California (Chevron), as well as Royal Dutch Shell and Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (British Petroleum) – were part of the Achnacarry cartel. The cartel then devised a strategy to deal with companies not in the cartel, so called 'outsiders.'"

76: Montagu Norman facilitates 1929 stock market crash:

"The unstable international monetary order imposed after Versailles by London and New York bankers on a defeated central Europe came to an abrupt, if predictable, end in 1929. Montagu Norman, then the world's most influential central banker as governor of the Bank of England, precipitated the crash of the Wall Street stock market in October 1929. Norman had asked the governor of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, George Harrison, to raise U.S. interest rate levels. Harrison complied, and the most dramatic financial and economic collapse in U.S. history ensued in the following months."

77: JP Morgan finances Mussolini:

"J.P. Morgan bankers had already proved to themselves the usefulness of radical top-down political solutions to ensure repayment of bank loans, when they gave foreign credit to the fascist regime of Italian strongman Benito Mussolini…In November 1925, Italian Finance Minister Volpi di Misurata announced that the Mussolini government had reached an agreement on repaying the Versailles war debts of Italy to Britain and the United States. One week later, J.P. Morgan & Co…announced a crucial $100 million loan to Italy to 'stabilize the lira.'…In reality, Morgan had decided to stabilize Mussolini's fascist regime. On the urging of J.P. Morgan & Co. and Montagu Norman, governor of the Bank of England, Volpi di Misurata established in 1926 a single Italian central bank, the Bank of Italy, to control national monetary policy and further ensure repayment of foreign debts. Mussolini had shown himself to be the ideal strongman to discipline Italian labor unions, drive down wages and enforce sufficient austerity to guarantee foreign bank lending, or so thought Morgan's people in New York."

79: Creditanstalt bank crushed, starts economic chaos rolling in Germany / Austria:

"Creditanstalt was the weak link which started the domino collapse of banking throughout central Europe…The ensuing banking crisis, economic depression and the related tragic developments in Austria and Germany were dictated virtually to the letter by Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, the governor of the New York Federal Reserve, George Harrison, and the house of Morgan and friends in Wall Street. A decision had been made to cut all credits to Germany, though even a minimal roll-over of nominally small sums would probably have stopped the crisis from erupting out of control at this early stage."

80: Match king, Ivar Kreuger, offers loan to Germany, found dead:

"Kreuger's loan offer of early 1930 had explosive and unacceptable political consequences for the long-term strategy of Montagu Norman's friends [and, hence, the loan was refused by Morgan's man, Schacht]. Kreuger himself was found dead some months later, in early 1932, in his Paris hotel room. Official autopsy registered the death as suicide, but detailed inquiry by Swedish researchers decades later made a conclusive case that Kreuger had been murdered."

80-84: Britain, at the highest levels, approves the Hitler project:

"Schacht…devoted his full energies to organizing financial support for the man he and his close friend, Bank of England governor Norman, agreed was the man for Germany's crisis…Since 1926, Schacht had secretly been a backer of the radical…(NSDAP) or Nazi party of Adolf Hitler…British policy at this juncture was to create the 'Hitler Project,' knowing fully what its ultimate geopolitical and military direction would be…The British support for the Hitler option reached to the very highest levels…The reality is that at this critical juncture, when Hitler's NSDAP had little more than 6 million votes in the 1930 elections, the international backing of Montagu Norman…and friends in London was decisive…On January 4, 1932…Adolf Hitler, von Papen and the Cologne banker, von Schroeder, secretly arranged financing of Hitler's NSDAP, at that time de facto bankrupt with huge debts, until the planned seizure of power by Hitler. Another meeting between Hitler and Franz von Papen took place on January 4, 1933…at which the plan was finalized to topple the weak government of Schleicher and build a right-wing coalition. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of the Reich.

While Norman and the Bank of England had adamantly refused to advance a pfennig of credit to Germany at the critical period in 1931 (thus precipitating the banking and unemployment crisis which made desperate alternatives such as Hitler even thinkable to leading circles in Germany), as soon as Hitler had consolidated power, in early 1933, the same Montagu Norman moved with indecent haste to reward the Hitler government with vital Bank of England credit. Norman made a special visit to Berlin in May 1934 to arrange further secret financial stabilization for the new regime. Hitler had responded by making Norman's dear friend Schacht his minister of economics as well as president of the Reichsbank."

85: More than 55 million killed in WWII, Britain cedes formal control:

"Within a few short years, Britain ceded formal colonial control over large parts of her empire in Africa, the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It was not out of beneficence or a sudden burning passion for the principle of self-determination of subject peoples, but rather from driving necessity, which dictated a reshaped form of postwar dominion in the late 1940s and early 1950s."

86: US intelligence agency, OSS, worked primarily out of London:

"While England and the United States agreed to a full integration of military command [during WWII], the still fledgling U.S. intelligence operations, under the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), worked principally out of a London command center in joint cooperation with the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). The emergence of the postwar American Central Intelligence Agency and the entire array of U.S. covert government institutions evolved directly out of these wartime British ties. The consequences for the later American policy were to be as enormous as they were tragic."

87: Post WWII, Anglo American Oil hegemony and the new "dollar standard"

"Anglo-American petroleum interests emerged from the Second World War in a position of enormously increased power. In the final agreement for a postwar 'New World Order' in monetary and economic affairs, hammered out between British and America negotiators in 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, Anglo-American hegemony over world petroleum played a central role in the thinking of Lord Keynes and his American counterpart, Harry Dexter White, assistant U.S. Treasury secretary."

90: Bank mergers in the 1950's (Rockefeller's Chase National Bank, etc.) greatly increased the "already enormous political and financial influence" exerted over domestic US policy

92-95: Post WWII exploitation of Iran: Mossadegh demands more than the 8 percent of net profit Iran was receiving from Britain for Iranian oil; the British refused, Mossadegh eventually nationalizes Iranian oil production, British dispatch ships, freeze Iranian assets, impose full economic sanctions and, with the help of the United States and CIA, overthrow Mossadegh and install the Shah

103-104: Italy's Enrico Mattei killed in plane crash after facilitating Italy's "economic miracle:"

"But it was in October 1960 that Enrico Mattei blew the fuses inside the White House and 10 Downing Street, as well as in the headquarters of the Seven Sisters…Enrico Mattei was in Moscow…once again, Moscow and the vast Russian petroleum resources became the focus of European negotiations, as in the 1920's at Rapallo. And, once again, the Anglo-Americans stood dead opposed to the success of the negotiations….One month after the Finsider pipe works began rolling steel for Soviet pipelines, on October 27, 1962, under circumstances which to the present day stir speculation and charges of deliberate sabotage, the private airplane carrying Enrico Mattei crashed after taking off from Sicily en route to Milan, killing all three on board."

110: International banks and Wall Street use their control of the media to further their interests:

"The post-1957 U.S. policy debate was tilted to the advantage of the international banks of Lower Manhattan and Wall Street, through the influential national television and newspaper media which they controlled. Their control of then-emerging network television, centered in New York, where it enjoyed intimate links with the big international banks of McCloy and friends, and their control over select news media such as the New York Times, were central to the success of these New York interests in promoting policies which went directly counter to the best interests of the nation and its citizens…It was in this period that these interests were popularly identified as the liberal East Coast establishment."

114-115: To ensure a buildup of the "defense component" of the economy, Vietnam was designed to be a "no win" war

116-117: JFK was going to pull out of Vietnam, JFK assassinated, LBJ escalates the war + LBJ "great society / "war on poverty" justifies enormous increase in deficit spending

118: Professor Timothy Leary, the hippie movement, and MK ultra

119-120: Ford foundation's "Grey Areas" program used to finance riots / break industrial trade unions by labeling them racist:

"Riots were deliberately incited in industrial cities like Newark, Boston, Oakland and Philadelphia by government-backed 'insurgents', such as Tom Hayden. The goal of this operation was to break the power of established industrial trade unions in the northern cities by labeling them racist. These domestic insurgents were nurtured by the Ford Foundation's Grey Areas program, the model for President Johnson's War on Poverty…The financial establishment was preparing to impose on the United States nineteenth-century British colonial-style looting. And manipulated 'race war' was to be their weapon…Black was pitted against white, unemployed against employed, in this new Great Society, while Wall Street bankers benefited from slashed union wages and cuts in infrastructure investment, or funneled investment overseas to cheap labor havens in Asia or South America. This writer had direct personal experience of this sad chapter in American history."

125-126: SDR created to "deal with gold crisis", France's De Gaulle toppled for refusing to go along, gold withdrawn in huge quantities cripples the French franc

128-129: Nixon closes gold window – US policy officials, led by Kissinger, proudly call themselves "neo-Malthusians" aiming at control of world economies and population reduction:

"After August 1971, the dominant U.S. policy under the White House national security adviser, Henry A. Kissinger, was to control, not to develop, economies throughout the world. U.S. policy officials began proudly calling themselves 'neo-Malthusians.' Population reduction in developing nations, rather than technology transfer and industrial growth strategies, became the dominating priority during the 1970's, yet another throwback to nineteenth-century British colonial thinking."

130 - 135: (1973) Secret Bilderberg meeting, scheme to drastically increase demand for dollars by creating oil crisis:

"What the powerful men grouped around Bilderberg had evidently decided that May was to launch a colossal assault against industrial growth in the world, in order to tilt the balance of power back to the advantage of Anglo-American financial interests and the dollar. In order to do this, they determined to use their most prized weapon – control of the world's oil flows. Bilderberg policy was to trigger a global oil embargo, in order to force a dramatic increase in world oil prices. Since 1945, world oil had by international custom been priced in dollars…A sudden sharp increase in the world price of oil, therefore, meant an equally dramatic increase in world demand for U.S. dollars to pay for that necessary oil."

135 - 138: Yom Kipper War orchestrated via Washington and London through Henry Kissinger to raise oil prices, profits from the price hike "recycled" into London and New York, Kissinger convinced Nixon to make him Secretary of State just prior to outbreak of war:

"Contrary to popular impression, the 'Yom Kippur' War was not the simple result of miscalculation, blunder or an Arab decision to launch a military strike against the state of Israel. The entire constellation of events surrounding the outbreak of the October War was secretly orchestrated by Washington and London, using the powerful secret diplomatic channels developed by Nixon's national security adviser, Henry Kissinger. Kissinger effectively controlled the Israeli policy response through his intimate relation with Israel's Washington ambassador…In addition, Kissinger cultivated channels for the Egyptian and Syrian side. His method was simply to misrepresent to each party the critical elements of the other, ensuring the war and its subsequent Arab oil embargo. U.S. intelligence reports, including intercepted communications from Arab officials confirming the buildup for war, were firmly suppressed by Kissinger, who was by then Nixon's intelligence 'czar.'…Significantly, the oil crisis hit full force in late 1973, just as the president of the United States was becoming personally embroiled in what came to be called the 'Watergate affair,' leaving Henry Kissinger as de facto president, running U.S. policy during the crisis…Kissinger, as Nixon's all-powerful national security adviser already firmly in control of all U.S. intelligence estimates, secured control of U.S. foreign policy as well, persuading Nixon to name him secretary of state in the weeks just prior to the outbreak of the October Yom Kippur War. Indicative of his central role in events, Kissinger retained both titles, as head of the White House National Security Council and as secretary of state, something no other individual has ever done, before or since. No other single person during the last months of the Nixon presidency wielded as much absolute power as did Henry Kissinger. To add insult to injury, Kissinger was given the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize."

142 - 146: Nuclear power threatens Anglo-American power, nuclear movement countered via massive propaganda effort (green agenda and "limits to growth") + Club of Rome involvement

147-149: Malthus' "plagiarized fraud" and population control + NSSM 200 and "strategic targets" for population control:

"In 1798…Thomas Malthus…was given instant fame by his English sponsors for his 'Essay on the Principle of Population.' The essay itself was a scientific fraud, plagiarized largely from…Gianmaria Ortes…Malthus' adaptation of Ortes' 'theory' was refined with a façade of mathematical legitimacy which he called the 'law of geometric progression,' which held that human populations invariably expanded geometrically, while the means of subsistence were arithmetically limited, or linear. The flaw in Malthus' argument, as demonstrated irrefutably by the spectacular growth of civilization, technology and agriculture productivity since 1798, was Malthus' deliberate ignoring of the contribution of advances in science and technology to dramatically improving such factors as crop yields, labor productivity and the like. By the mid-1970's, as an indication of the effectiveness of the new propaganda onslaught from the Anglo-American establishment, American government officials were openly boasting in public press conferences that they were committed 'neo-Malthusians…" Nowhere did the new embrace of British Malthusian economics in the United States show itself more brutally than in Kissinger's National Security Council.

On April 24, 1974…the white House national security adviser, Henry Alfred Kissinger, issued National Security Council Study Memorandum 200 (NSSM 200), on the subject of 'Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests.' It was directed to all cabinet secretaries, the military Joint Chiefs of Staff as well as the CIA and other key agencies…NSSM 200 argued that population expansion in select developing countries which also contain key strategic resources necessary to the U.S. economy posed potential U.S. 'national security threats.' The study warned that, under pressure from expanding domestic populations, countries with essential raw materials will tend to demand higher prices and better terms of trade for their exports to the United States. In this context, NSSM 200 identified a target list of 13 countries singled out as 'strategic targets' for U.S. efforts at population control…The United States, with this secret policy declaration, had committed itself to an agenda which would contribute to its own economic demise, as well as bringing untold famine, misery and unnecessary death throughout the developing sector."

150: Note on the weakness of using "Gross National Product" as a measure of growth

152: The intentionally created "oil shock" (and subsequent rise in oil prices) forced developing economies into inescapable debt:

"While industrial countries had experienced a certain slow recovery from the initial oil shock by 1975, the overall position of developing economies deteriorated as a result of the quadrupling of primary oil prices. The total current-account deficit of all developing countries rose from an average of some $6 billion per year during the early 1970's to more than $26 billion in 1974…and to $42 billion, an unbearable seven-fold increase, by 1976. The vast majority of this deficit was in countries of the developing sector, whose per capita income levels were the lowest in the world…Under the threat of losing access to further borrowings from the World Bank and the private banks of the industrial nations, these less-developed countries were forced to divert precious funds from industrial and agricultural development into simply reducing this balance-of-payments deficit. Their oil imports had to be paid, and paid in dollars, while the cost of their raw materials exports had fallen sharply in the global recession of 1974 – 1975."

153 – 154: World forced to purchase its energy in US dollars:
"No less astonishing than these U.S.-Saudi 'arrangements' to one ignorant of the real history of Anglo-American interests in the Persian Gulf was the exclusive policy decision by the OPEC oil states to accept only U.S. dollars for their oil…The world was forced to buy huge amounts of dollars more or less continuously, in order to purchase essential energy supplies…Washington and the New York banks had exchanged their flawed postwar Bretton Woods gold exchange system for a new, highly unstable petroleum-based dollar exchange system, which, unlike the gold exchange system, they reckoned they could control. Kissinger and the financial establishment of London and New York had in effect replaced the old gold exchange standard of the postwar world with their own 'petrodollar standard.'"

159: No loans without IMF approval:

"The United Nations was chosen as the arena where it was hoped that a new era of global cooperation would emerge. These hopes were never realized. One by one, the outstanding advocates of Third World development were removed from the seats of domestic power, and their solidarity was defeated in detail by the age-old principle of 'divide and conquer.' Export receipts and import prices were manipulated to create enormous gaps in balance of payments, and Third World countries were told that they must get the seal of approval of the IMF before any government or private institution would advance further loans."

160: Kissinger sabotaged potential link between OPEC and underdeveloped countries

163: Kissinger threatens Pakistan's Bhutto, Bhutto overthrown and killed:

"Kissinger had delivered a direct threat 'that he would make a horrible example of Pakistan' if Bhutto did not abandon the nuclear reprocessing project negotiations with France…In 1977, Bhutto was overthrown in a military coup led by General Zia ul-Haq. Before his death by hanging, Bhutto accused U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger of being behind his overthrow because of Bhutto's insistence on developing Pakistan's independent nuclear program."

165: Trilateral commission picks Jimmy Carter as new president to put a kinder face on blocking third world development, Carter portrayed as "outsider" while surrounded entirely by Trilateral Commission members

169: German banker (Ponto) tries to help develop Africa, he is assassinated along with Hanns-Martin Schleyer:

"The possibility of any significant development initiative towards South Africa had been killed along with Ponto and Schleyer. The initiative to break with the dollar imperium had been stalled for the moment."

171-173: The second coup against Iran, Carter advised to dump the Shah and back the radical "Muslim Brotherhood" to promote balkanization in the area and slow development + second "Oil Shock" created

174: Trilateral Commission Volcker to head the Federal Reserve – implements "dollar shock" + ending the "alarming trend" toward severing dependence on Anglo-American oil through nuclear power

176: Three Mile Island sabotage + the "China Syndrome" to further fear of Nuclear power

178: The "ignorant masses" must be guided – Walter Lippmann's subscription for control; illusion of democracy, manufacture consent:

"Society, Lippmann argued, should be divided into the great vulgar masses of a largely ignorant 'public,' which is then steered by an elite or a 'special class,' which Lippmann termed the 'responsible men,' who would decide the terms of what would be called 'the national interest.' This elite would become the dedicated bureaucracy, to serve the interests of private power and private wealth, but the truth of their relationship to the power of private wealth should never be revealed to the broader ignorant public. 'They wouldn't understand.'

The general population must have the illusion, Lippmann argued, that it is actually exerting 'democratic' power. This illusion must be shaped by the elite body of 'responsible men' in what was termed the 'manufacture of consent.'"

181: High interest rates negatively impact long-term investment

182: In 1980, Federal Reserve given the power to impose reserve requirements on banks not in the Fed system, guaranteeing greater control of credit

184-185: Developing countries debt increased from $130 billion in 1973 (beginning of first oil shock) to $612 billion in 1982 – third world debt crisis, made in USA and London:
"Third World debtor countries began to get squeezed in the blades of a vicious scissors of deteriorating terms of trade for their commodity exports, falling export earnings, and a soaring debt service ratio. This, in short, was what Washington and London preferred to call the 'Third World debt crisis.' But the crisis had been made in London, New York and Washington, not in Mexico City, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Lagos or Warsaw."

186: Argentina / Falkland war

187-188: Destroying the Mexican Peso to prevent a strong industrial power from emerging on our southern border – same group involved in the destabilization of the Shah + the media's role:

"By 1981, after the Volcker interest rate shock, certain Washington and New York policy circles determined that the prospect of a strong industrial Mexico, a "japan on our southern border,' as one American establishment person derisively called it, would 'not be tolerated.' As with Iran earlier, a modern independent Mexico was considered by certain Anglo-American interests to be intolerable. The decision was made to intervene to sabotage Mexico's industrialization ambitions by securing rigid repayment, at exorbitant rates, of her foreign debt…A well-prepared run on the Mexican peso was orchestrated beginning the fall of 1981, signaled by a New York Times interview with former CIA chief William Colby…"

193-194: Third World Debt Crisis, creditors form cartel and use "public institutions" like the IMF to extract "pound of flesh" from Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Zambia, Zaire, Egypt etc. + banker's socialism:

"These powerful private interests used the crisis to turn the power of major public institutions to enforce the minority interests of…the creditor banks…They proceeded to impose what one observer characterized as a peculiar form of 'bankers socialism,' in which the private banks socialized their lending risks to the majority of the taxpaying public, while privatizing all the gains for themselves. And the gains were considerable, despite the appearance of crisis…The end result of the countless debtor restructurings since 1982 has been an enormous increase in the amount of debt owed to the creditor banks, despite the fact that not one new penny of money had come into Latin America from those banks….foreign debt of all developing countries…rose steadily after 1982 from just over $839 billion to almost $1.3 trillion by 1987. Virtually all this increase was due to the added burden of 'refinancing' the unpayable old debt…The same process was repeated in Argentina, Brazil, Peru Venezuela, most of black Africa, including Zambia, Zaire and Egypt, and large parts of Asia. The IMF had become the global 'policeman' to enforce payment of usurious debts through imposition of the most draconian austerity in history. With the crucial voting bloc of the IMF firmly controlled by an American-British axis, the institution became the global enforcer of Anglo-American monetary and economic interests…"

196: Nations caught in debt trap, only way out was to surrender sovereignty and resources for additional "loans" (created out of thin air)

202-203: US goes from creditor to debtor nation + leveraged buyouts

204: Germain Act precedes collapse of Savings and Loan banking system:

[With passage of the Garn-ST. Germain Act, savings and loan banks could] "invest in any scheme they desired, with full U.S. government insurance of $100,000 per account guaranteeing the risk in case of failure…[This was] the beginning of the collapse of the $1.3 trillion savings and loan banking system."

208: "Kinder and gentler" Bush Sr. invades Panama; kills thousands in order to arrest Manuel Noriega

210: Worsthorne argues against German unification / fall of Berlin Wall + Alfred Herrhausen promised to modernize East Germany, assassinated:

"Worsthorne was the stepson of the former Bank of England governor, Montagu Norman. Norman had maintained personal ties with Hitler's finance minister Hjalmar Schacht, during the war, and had worked intimately with J.P. Morgan Bank in New York after 1919 to impose the Dawes reparations atrocities on defeated Germany…[Worsthorne wrote] 'Let us assume that a united Germany is going to be a good giant, what then? Let us assume a united Germany teaches Russia to become a good giant, what then? …In truth, the threat could be more dangerous, rather than less. For how on earth can any effective defense be put up against a united Germany that intends to win by obeying the rules?'

Herrhausen's assassination was seen by knowledgeable Germans as a direct echo of the assassination more than 60 years earlier of Walther Rathenau, architect of the Rapallo plan to industrialize Russia with German industrial technology."

213-219: Saddam lured into war with Iran, emerges in heavy debt; Saddam lured into war with Kuwait, United States attacks Iraq and Bush Senior makes his "New World Order" speech + Defense Secretary Cheney lies to Saudis:

"On July 27, 1990, when tensions between Iraq and Kuwait over oil prices were at a peak, the U.S. Ambassador to Baghdad, April Glaspie, asked for a meeting with Saddam Hussein in Baghdad to discuss the tense situation. According to official Iraqi transcripts of the exchange, later released by the Baghdad government and confirmed by U.S. Congress almost a year later, Glaspie told Saddam that Washington would not take a position on the dispute between Iraq and Kuwait…What followed during the ensuing six months was one of the most cynical calculated acts of recent history. Despite initial claims that the United States…would send military forces only to defend Saudi Arabia against an allegedly threatened Iraqi invasion (the threats were later revealed to have been fabricated in Washington), President Bush…on September 11…declared:

'Out of these troubled times a New World Order can emerge, under a United Nations that performs as envisioned by its founders. We stand at a unique and extraordinary moment. This crisis in the Persian Gulf, as grave as it is, also offers us a rare opportunity to move toward an historic period of cooperation. Today that New World Order is struggling to be born. A world quite different from the one we've known.'"

221: A strong / independent Germany, Japan, or Continental Europe cannot be tolerated; control Arab Oil on which all depend

223-225: USSR collapses and the excuse for applying pressure or overthrowing leaders in uncooperative countries ("communism") evaporates + Brzezinski's lays out the three "grand imperatives" of empire:

"After 1990, Washington faced a significant problem. What bogeyman could it find to justify such acts of foreign policy in the future, now that the danger of godless communism could no longer be used as a rationale? Finding the answer was to take until the new millennium, more than a decade." (The threat of Terrorism) "Washington knew that its continued global dominance depended on how it dealt with Eurasia, from Europe to the Pacific. Former presidential adviser and geostrategist, Zbigniew Brzezinski, put it bluntly: '…in terminology that hearkens back to the more brutal age of empires, the three grand imperatives of imperial geostrategy are to prevent collusion and maintain security dependence among the vassals, to keep tributaries pliant and protected, and to keep the barbarians from coming together.'"

226-227: 1980's: Larry Summers believes that an Asian economic block, headed by Japan, is a "Greater threat than the Soviet Union." 1985 Plaza Accord (and subsequent agreements) led to policies that inflated the Japanese financial bubble, then Wall Street investment banks prompt a panic sell-off and profit on the collapse

230: George Soros, "armed with an undisclosed credit line from a group of international banks," attacks Thailand's currency, then the Philippines, Indonesia, and South Korea…they made billions, devastated the economies and then turned the broken countries over to the IMF:

"Chalmers Johnson described the result in blunt terms: 'The funds easily raped Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea, then turned the shivering survivors over to the IMF, not to help the victims, but to insure that no Western bank was stuck with non-performing loans in the devastated countries.'"

232: Mackinder had warned British elite that an alliance of major Eurasian powers (Germany, Russia and Central Asia) could become a dominant global power…geographically coherent and possessing all necessary raw materials to challenge any rivals + Brzezinski quotes on the need to dominate:

"Washington establishment strategists such as Zbigniew Brzezinski…who had held top national security posts under several administrations, worked with Henry Kissinger, and advised the first Bush presidency, openly acknowledged the role of Mackinder's geopolitical thinking on U.S. strategic policy. 'It is imperative that no Eurasian challenger emerges capable of dominating Eurasia and thus of also challenging America,' Brzezinski stated in his book The Grand Chessboard. He added, 'Mackinder pioneered the discussion early in this century with his successive concepts of the Eurasian pivot areas.'

This policy involved identifying any potential power able to upset the balance of power, and Brzezinski put it, 'to formulate specific U.S. policies to offset, co-opt and or control the above.' Eurasia, as he drew the map, included the oil wealth of the Middle East, the central Asian region, the industrial potentials of Europe and Japan, the resources of China, India and Russia. He warned, 'control over Eurasia would almost automatically entail Africa's subordination, rendering the Western Hemisphere and Oceania geographically peripheral to the world's central continent.'"

234: IMF treatment for Russia:

"IMF shock therapy was intended to create weak, unstable economies on the periphery of Russia, dependent on Western capital and on dollar inflows for their survival – a form of neocolonialism."

236-237: IMF demands lead to the destruction of self-sufficiency in Ukraine and open the door to exploitation / ridiculous "sweetheart deals" for the well-connected in Russia:

"60 percent of the state gas monopoly, Gazprom…was sold to private Russian groups for some $20 million. The market value was about $119 billion…In a November 1996 interview, Berezovsky, as deputy secretary of the Russian Security Council as well as an oil oligarch, boasted that seven men controlled 50 percent of the country's vast natural resources." (Emphasis added.)

239: Using the National Endowment for Democracy, George Soros's Open Society Foundation and the IMF, Washington introduced economic chaos into Yugoslavia as an instrument of geopolitical strategy.

243-244: Yugoslav president, Slobodan Milosevic, gets in the way of strategy and is demonized and attacked + camp Bondsteel:

"Slobodan Milosevic, the elected Yugoslav president, a former banker who had once, when it was thought he might play the IMF game, enjoyed the backing of Washington, became a new 'Adolf Hitler' in the U.S. media. Numerous accounts from the region and from impartial outside observers confirmed that by the mid 1990's, all sides in the destabilized former Yugoslavia were guilty of atrocities…Washington and NATO-scripted media reports concentrated, however, on only one side: the recalcitrant Serb president Milosevic. So long as a well-defended enclave remained in the middle of the Balkans, which rejected IMF 'reform' and the presence of NATO, the long-term geopolitical agenda of Washington for the control of the Caspian pipeline routes and central Asia was blocked.

By early 1999, the Clinton administration had decided the time was right to change all that. An indignant Milosevic rejected a U.S. demand…mandating that he allow NATO troops to occupy Kosovo, and potentially Serbia, 'for humanitarian reasons of preventing genocide.' Milosevic's predictable rejection was used to justify war. Washington began a massive bombing campaign, ignoring the niceties of international law, the UN Charter (and indeed any involvement at all of the UN in the process), the NATO charter (which specifies a purely defensive role), the 1975 Helsinki accords, and even the U.S. constitution (which mandates that only Congress has the power to declare war). President Clinton cited 'humanitarian' reasons and the threat of imminent genocide against Kosovo Albanians, and began a merciless bombing of civilian Serb targets.

Thousands of tons of bombs later, and after an estimated $40 billion of destruction to the economy and infrastructure of Serbia, the Pentagon began the construction of one of the largest U.S. military bases anywhere in the world. Camp Bondsteel near Gnjilane in Southeast Kosovo, a fortress housing 3,000 soldiers, an airfield and state-of-the-art telecommunications, gave the United States a commanding and clearly permanent military presence in the strategic Balkans, within reach of the Caspian Sea.

246: More than 7 Trillion in "paper" vanishes as the tech bubble bursts + Bush Jr.'s "Oil Cabinet"

249: Cheney: "While many regions of the world offer great oil opportunities, the Middle East, with two-thirds of the world's oil and the lowest cost, is still where the prize ultimately lies…"

250-251: Bush admin wanted to overthrow Saddam before the 9/11 attacks + PNAC report outlines a plan to rule the earth, space and develop biological weapons that can target specific genotypes:

"Among the members of the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) were the same men who were to shape policy in the coming administration. The group included Halliburton chief Cheney, Don Rumsfeld and Paul Wolfowitz, who later became Rumsfeld's deputy defense secretary and a leading Iraq war hawk. It also included Cheney's later chief of staff, Lewis Libby, and Karl Rove…Bruce Jackson of Lockheed Martin…Richard Perle, and Florida Governor Jeb Bush, were involved too…The PNAC group were not content only to dominate the earth [with] a 'worldwide command and control system.' They also called for the creation of 'U.S. space forces' to dominate space, for total control of cyberspace, and for the development of biological weapons 'that can target specific genotypes and may transform biological warfare from the realm of terror to a politically useful tool.' Biological warfare as a politically useful tool? Even George Orwell would have been shocked."

255: Major opposition to 2003 Iraq war ignored

257: Wolfowitz: Iraq is more important than a nuclear armed North Korea because Iraq "swims on a sea of oil"